Shotokan

Okinawan Roots

Shotokan Karate traces its origins to the indigenous martial arts of Okinawa , particularly Shuri-te, one of the three major systems developed on the island. Okinawan martial arts were heavily influenced by Chinese martial systems due to centuries of cultural exchange, especially with Fujian province. These styles emphasised striking, open-hand techniques, and practical combat application.

The founder of Shotokan Karate is Gichin Funakoshi (1868–1957), a schoolteacher from Okinawa who had trained under two of the island’s most respected masters: Anko Itosu and Anko Asato. In 1922, Funakoshi was invited to demonstrate Okinawan karate in Tokyo by the Japanese Ministry of Education.

Recognising an opportunity to share his art more widely, Funakoshi remained in Japan and began teaching. He modified certain elements of the Okinawan practice to align better with Japanese Budo culture, including adopting a uniform and belt system, simplifying and systematising kata, and placing greater emphasis on spirit, character development, and discipline.

The term “Shotokan” comes from Funakoshi’s pen name “Shoto,” which means “waving pines,” referencing the sound of wind through trees he loved during walks. “Kan” means “hall.” His students named the first official dojo in Tokyo “Shotokan” in his honour.

Shotokan Karate is known for:

Deep, long stances (like zenkutsu dachi) for stability and power.

Linear, powerful techniques, emphasising ikken hissatsu (to kill with one blow).

A strong emphasis on kihon (basics), kata (forms), and kumite (sparring).

The philosophical tenets of Dojo Kun and karate-do as a lifelong pursuit of self-improvement.